wind

The technology needed to exploit wind power is relatively simple and it is based on using the kinetic energy in air flow and converting it into electrical energy through a turbine. The rotor achieves the first part of this process as it is driven by the wind and forces the rotation of the drive shaft. This is connected, usually via a gearbox, to the generator and power electronics. A transformer then steps up the voltage for export to the grid.

The assessment of wind resources at a site and the placement of individual wind turbines within that site is a detailed science. Once a promising location has been identified, meteorological masts are erected to collect data on wind strength and direction over a period of at least one year. By correlating data obtained with historical data from the nearest weather station, energy yields can be forecast and the most suitable type of wind turbine for the site selected. The process of locating the optimal locations within a site for the individual turbines is dependent on numerous factors: site topology, presence of wind shadows caused by obstacles or other turbines; geological conditions for foundations; proximity to the grid; ‘roughness’ of the terrain.

Wind turbines continue to represent a considerable engineering challenge because of the various specifications a design must satisfy. The main drivers for wind turbine design are:

Suitability for high and low wind sites.
Grid compatibility.
Acoustic performance.
Aerodynamic performance.
Visual impact.